Your teeth hurt with gum disease because the infection from the bacteria is eroding the structures that support your teeth, like ligaments, soft tissues, and bone. This breakdown can expose sensitive areas of the teeth and cause pain.
The Progression of Gum Disease and Tooth Pain
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a progressive infection that affects the gums and bone supporting your teeth. Here's how it leads to tooth pain:
- Inflammation (Gingivitis): Initially, gum disease starts with inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). While the gums may be red, swollen, and bleed easily, you may not experience tooth pain at this stage.
- Pocket Formation: If gingivitis isn't treated, it can progress to periodontitis. The gums begin to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that become infected.
- Bone and Tissue Loss: The bacteria within these pockets release toxins that break down the bone and tissues that hold your teeth in place. As this supporting structure deteriorates, teeth can become loose and sensitive.
- Root Exposure: Gum recession caused by gum disease can expose the roots of your teeth. The roots don't have enamel protection like the crowns of your teeth, making them much more sensitive to temperature changes, sweets, and pressure.
- Infection and Abscesses: Advanced gum disease can lead to painful abscesses (pockets of pus) in the gums or around the roots of the teeth.
What to Expect with Gum Disease
| Symptom | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Bleeding gums | Even gentle brushing or flossing can cause bleeding. |
| Red, swollen gums | The gums may appear inflamed and irritated. |
| Receding gums | The gums pull away from the teeth, making the teeth look longer. |
| Persistent bad breath | Bacteria produce foul-smelling compounds. |
| Loose teeth | As bone loss progresses, teeth can become loose and shift. |
| Pain while chewing | Due to the loose teeth and inflamed gums, chewing may become painful. |
| Sensitivity to hot/cold | Exposed tooth roots are more sensitive to temperature changes. |
What to Do About Tooth Pain from Gum Disease
- See a Dentist Immediately: The most important step is to get a professional diagnosis and treatment plan from your dentist or periodontist (a gum specialist).
- Professional Cleaning: Your dentist will perform a deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove plaque and tartar from below the gum line.
- Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the infection.
- Surgery: Advanced cases may require gum surgery to repair damaged tissues and bone.
- Good Oral Hygiene: Maintain excellent oral hygiene at home by brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antiseptic mouthwash.
- Desensitizing Toothpaste: Use toothpaste specifically designed for sensitive teeth to help reduce sensitivity.
Ignoring tooth pain associated with gum disease will only worsen the problem and potentially lead to tooth loss. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preserving your teeth and overall oral health.
