Swollen gums are a common symptom, often indicating an underlying issue requiring attention. The most frequent cause is gum disease, specifically gingivitis, a mild form of periodontal disease. However, several other factors can contribute to swollen gums.
Causes of Swollen Gums:
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Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis): This is the most common reason. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque buildup, leading to inflammation, redness, swelling, and bleeding gums. [Source: Multiple sources including Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and Personal Care Dentistry]. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease causing gum recession and potential tooth loss.
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Bacterial Infections: Infections in the mouth, beyond just plaque buildup, can cause gum swelling.
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Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during pregnancy or puberty, can make gums more susceptible to inflammation and swelling. [Source: Multiple sources including Cleveland Clinic and Healthline].
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Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of essential vitamins and minerals can weaken gums and increase their vulnerability to swelling. [Source: Multiple sources including Healthline and Smiles of Memorial].
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Medications: Some medications can have swollen gums as a side effect.
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Systemic Diseases: Conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease and subsequent swelling. [Source: Initial reference].
Identifying and Addressing Swollen Gums:
If you experience swollen gums for more than two weeks, consult a dentist or healthcare provider. They can accurately diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment. This might include:
- Improved Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and mouthwash use are crucial in preventing and managing gum disease.
- Professional Cleaning: A dental cleaning can remove plaque and tartar buildup.
- Medicated Mouthwashes, Ointments, or Toothpaste: These can help reduce inflammation and fight infection. [Source: Medical News Today].
When to Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate professional help if you experience:
- Severe swelling
- Intense pain
- Bleeding gums that don't stop easily
- Pus or discharge from gums
