The most common reason your gums bleed when you brush is that it's a sign of gum disease, usually caused by plaque buildup.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
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Plaque Buildup: Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. If not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it can irritate your gums.
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Gingivitis (Early Gum Disease): The irritation caused by plaque leads to gingivitis. This is the early stage of gum disease characterized by:
- Bleeding Gums: This is often the first noticeable symptom.
- Red and Swollen Gums: Your gums may appear more red than usual and feel puffy or swollen.
- Inflammation: Gingivitis causes inflammation of the gum tissue.
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Periodontitis (Advanced Gum Disease): If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis. This is a more serious infection that damages the soft tissue and bone that support your teeth. Periodontitis can lead to:
- Receding Gums: Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected.
- Loose Teeth: The bone supporting the teeth is damaged, causing teeth to loosen.
- Tooth Loss: Ultimately, periodontitis can result in tooth loss.
Here's a summary in a table:
| Condition | Cause | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Gingivitis | Plaque buildup | Bleeding gums, red and swollen gums |
| Periodontitis | Untreated gingivitis | Receding gums, loose teeth, tooth loss |
What You Can Do:
- Brush Regularly: Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes each time. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
- Floss Daily: Floss at least once a day to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth and along the gumline.
- See Your Dentist Regularly: Regular dental checkups and cleanings can help prevent and treat gum disease. Your dentist can remove plaque and tartar buildup and identify any early signs of problems.
- Use an Antiseptic Mouthwash: An antiseptic mouthwash can help kill bacteria in your mouth and reduce plaque.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking weakens your immune system and makes it harder for your body to fight off gum infections.
In conclusion, bleeding gums when brushing is usually a sign of gingivitis, often caused by plaque buildup. Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial for preventing and treating gum disease. Don't ignore bleeding gums; see your dentist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
