Conditioner is much more effective when applied to wet or damp hair.
Applying conditioner to wet or damp hair is generally recommended because it allows for better distribution and absorption. Here's a breakdown:
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Easier Distribution: Wet hair is more pliable, making it easier to spread the conditioner evenly from root to tip (although typically avoiding the scalp unless the product is specifically designed for scalp use). This ensures all strands benefit from the conditioning treatment.
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Better Absorption: Water helps to open the hair cuticle, allowing the conditioning ingredients to penetrate the hair shaft more effectively. This leads to better hydration and repair.
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Dilution: A slight dilution of the conditioner with water can also aid in even distribution and prevent product buildup.
While applying conditioner to dry hair isn't entirely useless, it's significantly less effective. The hair cuticle is closed when dry, making it harder for the conditioner to penetrate and provide its intended benefits. It might work in a pinch if you're looking to tame frizz or add a slight amount of moisture, but it won't deliver the deep conditioning results you'd get from applying it to wet or damp hair.
In summary, for optimal results, always apply conditioner to wet or damp hair after shampooing.