The hair cycle is a continuous process of hair growth, regression, and resting. It's divided into three distinct phases:
- Anagen (growth phase): This is the active phase where hair follicles produce new hair. The cells in the hair bulb rapidly divide and push the hair shaft upward, resulting in visible hair growth. This phase can last for 2 to 7 years, depending on factors like genetics, health, and age.
- Catagen (transition phase): This is a brief transitional phase where hair growth slows down, and the hair follicle shrinks. It lasts for about 2 to 3 weeks. During catagen, the hair follicle detaches from the blood supply and the hair shaft becomes club-shaped.
- Telogen (resting phase): During this phase, hair growth completely stops, and the hair follicle remains dormant. This phase can last for 3 to 4 months. Eventually, the hair shaft will shed and the follicle will re-enter the anagen phase, starting the cycle again.
Factors affecting the hair cycle:
- Genetics: Hair growth patterns and cycle duration are largely determined by genetics.
- Age: Hair growth slows down with age, leading to shorter anagen phases and more telogen hairs.
- Hormones: Hormonal fluctuations, like those experienced during pregnancy or menopause, can influence the hair cycle.
- Nutrition: Deficiencies in certain nutrients, like iron or zinc, can affect hair growth.
- Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt the hair cycle and lead to hair loss.
- Medications: Some medications can affect hair growth as a side effect.
- Illnesses: Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, can also impact the hair cycle.
Understanding the hair cycle is important for maintaining healthy hair. By addressing factors that can disrupt the cycle, such as stress, nutrition, and hormonal imbalances, individuals can promote hair growth and minimize hair loss.
