Coughing can hurt your head primarily because it rapidly increases pressure inside your chest and abdomen, which then elevates pressure within your brain.
Understanding Cough-Related Headaches
There are generally two types of headaches related to coughing:
- Primary Cough Headache: This type isn't caused by an underlying disease or structural problem in the brain. The exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed that the pressure changes associated with coughing are the main trigger.
- Secondary Cough Headache: This type is caused by an underlying problem, often a structural abnormality in the brain.
The Pressure Connection
Here's how coughing can lead to a headache:
- Increased Chest and Abdominal Pressure: When you cough, the pressure in your chest and abdominal cavity increases dramatically.
- Elevated Brain Pressure: This increased pressure is transmitted to the brain.
- Headache Trigger: The elevated pressure in the brain can trigger pain receptors, resulting in a headache.
Primary Cough Headaches Explained
- These headaches are typically short-lived, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes.
- The pain is often sharp and stabbing.
- They usually occur after coughing, sneezing, straining, or even laughing.
Secondary Cough Headaches Explained
- These headaches can be more prolonged and severe.
- They may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as dizziness, unsteadiness, or fainting.
- Possible underlying causes include:
- Arnold-Chiari malformation: A condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal.
- Brain tumors: Abnormal growths in the brain.
- Cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Leaks in the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience frequent or severe headaches related to coughing, it's important to see a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions. Especially if:
- The headache is new or different from previous headaches.
- The headache is accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, stiff neck, vision changes, weakness, or numbness.
- The headache is getting progressively worse.
In summary, coughing can cause a headache due to the rapid increase in pressure within your chest, abdomen, and subsequently, your brain. While primary cough headaches are usually benign, secondary cough headaches may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires evaluation and treatment.
