The exact cause of Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) is currently unknown.
While the precise origin of VSDs remains unclear, here's a breakdown of what is understood:
Congenital VSDs (Present at Birth)
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Unknown Origin: Most congenital VSDs occur sporadically, meaning there's no identifiable cause in most cases. Researchers believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors likely play a role.
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Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, are associated with a higher risk of VSDs. Some VSDs may result from specific gene mutations, but more research is needed to identify the exact genes involved.
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Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors during pregnancy might increase the risk of congenital heart defects, including VSDs. These factors could include:
- Maternal infections (e.g., rubella)
- Certain medications
- Alcohol or drug use during pregnancy
- Maternal health conditions (e.g., diabetes)
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Co-occurrence with Other Heart Defects: VSDs frequently occur alongside other congenital heart defects, further complicating the determination of a specific cause.
Acquired VSDs (Develop After Birth)
- Heart Attack Complication: In adults, VSDs are a rare but serious complication of a heart attack (myocardial infarction). When heart tissue dies during a heart attack, it can weaken the septum (wall) between the ventricles, leading to a rupture and VSD formation. These acquired VSDs are not birth defects.
Summary Table
| VSD Type | Cause |
|---|---|
| Congenital | Unknown; likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors. |
| Acquired (Adults) | Rare complication of a heart attack leading to septal rupture. |
In essence, the question "What causes VSD?" doesn't have a simple answer. While heart attacks can cause VSDs in adults, the cause of congenital VSDs, which are present at birth, remains largely unknown, likely involving a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences.
