Heart problems most commonly start with a buildup of fatty substances in the arteries, a process called atherosclerosis.
Here's a more detailed look:
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Atherosclerosis: The Primary Culprit: Atherosclerosis is the gradual accumulation of plaque (made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) inside the arteries. This plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
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Risk Factors Accelerating Atherosclerosis: Several factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis:
- Unhealthy Diet: A diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium increases the risk of plaque formation.
- Lack of Exercise: Physical inactivity contributes to high cholesterol levels and other risk factors.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts a strain on the heart and increases the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, all of which can damage arteries.
- Smoking: Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.
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Consequences of Reduced Blood Flow: As arteries narrow due to atherosclerosis, the heart muscle receives less oxygen-rich blood. This can lead to various heart problems, including:
- Angina (Chest Pain): Occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood during exertion or stress.
- Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Happens when a plaque ruptures, forming a blood clot that completely blocks blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, causing damage or death of that tissue.
- Heart Failure: The heart becomes too weak to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
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Prevention and Management: Making healthy lifestyle choices can significantly lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart problems:
- Adopt a heart-healthy diet: Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Limit saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars.
- Engage in regular physical activity: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Achieve and maintain a body mass index (BMI) within the healthy range.
- Quit smoking: Smoking cessation is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your heart.
- Manage other risk factors: Control high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes.
In summary, heart problems often begin with atherosclerosis, a gradual process of plaque buildup in the arteries, which is heavily influenced by lifestyle factors.
