The fatty tissue on the heart, specifically epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), plays a significant role in regulating various aspects of cardiac biology.
Here's a breakdown of its purpose:
EAT is not merely inert fat; it actively interacts with the heart muscle (myocardium) and coronary arteries. Recent research indicates that EAT influences:
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Myocardial Redox State: EAT affects the balance of oxidation and reduction processes in the heart muscle, which is crucial for cellular health and function.
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Intracellular Ca2+ Cycling: It modulates the movement of calcium ions within heart cells, which is essential for proper contraction and relaxation of the heart.
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Electrophysiological and Contractile Properties of Cardiomyocytes: EAT influences the electrical activity and the ability of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) to contract.
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Cardiac Fibrosis: It impacts the development of scar tissue in the heart, which can impair its function.
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Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression: EAT can influence the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, potentially leading to heart disease.
In essence, epicardial adipose tissue functions as a local regulator that influences the heart's electrical, mechanical, and metabolic processes, contributing to both healthy function and the development of cardiac diseases.
