Myocardial ischemia is a condition where the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood flow. This typically happens because of a blockage in the coronary arteries.
Understanding Myocardial Ischemia
Myocardial ischemia specifically refers to the heart muscle (myocardium) experiencing a shortage of oxygen due to reduced blood supply. This reduction is most often caused by a narrowing or blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.
Causes of Myocardial Ischemia
The most common cause is atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries.
- Plaque Formation: Plaque is made of cholesterol, fat, and other substances. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries.
- Reduced Blood Flow: This narrowing reduces blood flow to the heart muscle.
- Potential Rupture: According to the reference, if these plaques rupture, it can lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Consequences of Myocardial Ischemia
If the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen, it can cause:
- Chest pain (angina): This is the most common symptom.
- Shortness of breath
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
- Heart attack (myocardial infarction): If the blood flow is completely blocked for too long, the heart muscle can die.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors use several tests to diagnose myocardial ischemia, including:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- Stress test
- Echocardiogram
- Coronary angiogram
Treatment options may include:
- Lifestyle changes: Such as diet and exercise.
- Medications: To lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and prevent blood clots.
- Angioplasty: A procedure to open blocked arteries.
- Coronary artery bypass surgery: A surgery to bypass blocked arteries.
