Why Is My Heart Beat Slow?
A slow heart beat, medically known as bradycardia, is defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults. While a slow heart rate isn't always a cause for concern, especially in athletes or during sleep, it can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue.
Several factors can contribute to a slow heart rate. These include:
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Problems with the sinoatrial (SA) node: The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker, responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats. If the SA node malfunctions, it may produce fewer impulses, leading to bradycardia. This is consistent with the information provided in the initial reference.
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Conduction pathway problems: The heart's electrical impulses must travel efficiently through its conduction system to stimulate coordinated contractions. Blockages or disruptions in this system can slow the heart rate.
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Metabolic issues: Conditions like hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland) can affect the heart's electrical activity and lead to a slow heart rate. This is also noted in the reference materials.
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Other potential causes: Bradycardia can also be linked to other factors, including:
- Age-related or degenerative changes in the heart.
- Electrolyte imbalances.
- Structural heart diseases.
- Certain medications.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While a slow heart rate might be normal for some individuals, it's crucial to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms alongside a slow heart rate, such as:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fainting (syncope)
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
These symptoms suggest that your heart may not be pumping enough blood to meet your body's needs.
Diagnosing Bradycardia
Your doctor will likely conduct a physical examination and order tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess your heart's rhythm and electrical activity. Other tests may be needed to identify any underlying causes.
Treatment
Treatment for bradycardia depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Options may include medication, pacemakers (devices that regulate heart rhythm), or addressing any underlying medical conditions.
