A heated concrete floor works by using radiant heating, embedding either electric heating coils or water-heated PEX tubing within the concrete slab to transform it into a large, efficient radiator.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
1. Installation
Before the concrete is poured, either:
- Electric Heating Cables: Electric resistance cables are laid out in a serpentine pattern across the floor.
- Hydronic (Water-Based) PEX Tubing: Flexible PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) tubing is arranged in a similar pattern and connected to a manifold that circulates heated water.
2. Embedding in Concrete
The heating element (either the cables or tubing) is then completely embedded within the concrete slab. The concrete acts as a thermal mass, absorbing and storing heat.
3. Heating Process
- Electric Systems: When the system is turned on, the electric cables heat up.
- Hydronic Systems: A boiler or water heater heats water, which is then circulated through the PEX tubing.
4. Radiant Heat Transfer
The heat from the electric cables or hot water then transfers to the surrounding concrete. The concrete slab gradually warms up, becoming a large, evenly heated surface. This warmth is then released into the room through radiant heat.
5. Radiant Heating Principles
Radiant heating works by transferring heat directly to objects and people in the room, rather than heating the air first (like forced-air systems). This results in:
- Even Heat Distribution: Radiant heat warms the entire room more evenly compared to conventional systems.
- Comfort: People feel warmer at lower air temperatures.
- Energy Efficiency: Radiant heating can be more energy-efficient as you don't lose heat through ducts.
6. Thermostatic Control
The heated concrete floor system is typically controlled by a thermostat that monitors the floor temperature or the room air temperature. This allows you to regulate the heat output and maintain a comfortable environment.
Key Benefits
- Comfort: Even and consistent warmth.
- Energy Efficiency: Potential for reduced energy consumption.
- Quiet Operation: No noisy fans or blowers.
- Aesthetics: No visible registers or radiators.
In summary, a heated concrete floor utilizes radiant heating principles, employing embedded electric coils or PEX tubing to heat the concrete slab, which then radiates warmth into the room, creating a comfortable and efficient heating solution.
