A B12 deficiency primarily affects the nervous system and blood. More specifically, it impacts the:
- Brain: Untreated deficiency can lead to lasting neurological effects.
- Spinal Cord: Degeneration is a possible severe consequence.
- Peripheral Nerves: Peripheral neuropathy is a significant risk.
- Bone Marrow: This is crucial for red blood cell production, which is impaired in B12 deficiency, leading to megaloblastic anemia.
- Stomach: Pernicious anemia, a type of B12 deficiency, results from the immune system attacking cells in the stomach responsible for B12 absorption.
The severity of the effects depends on the duration and extent of the deficiency. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage. Several studies highlight the impact on the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord degeneration, and even paralysis in severe cases. Additionally, the disruption of red blood cell production in the bone marrow due to the deficiency leads to anemia and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.
References:
- Cleveland Clinic: Vitamin B12 Deficiency - This source notes that severe side effects include peripheral neuropathy and spinal cord degeneration.
- PubMed: Vitamin B12 deficiency - This research points out that major organ systems affected include the blood, bone marrow, and nervous system.
- NHS: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia - Complications - This resource notes that pernicious anaemia (a type of B12 deficiency) increases the risk of complications related to the digestive system and can affect organ function over time.
