In thalassemia, red blood cells (RBCs) are typically small (microcytic), pale (hypochromic), and vary in shape (poikilocytosis).
Characteristics of RBCs in Thalassemia:
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the reduced or absent synthesis of globin chains, which are components of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Because of this impaired globin production, the red blood cells in individuals with thalassemia exhibit the following characteristics:
-
Microcytic: The RBCs are smaller than normal. This reduced size is due to the decreased hemoglobin content.
-
Hypochromic: The RBCs are paler than normal. This paleness reflects the lower concentration of hemoglobin within the cells.
-
Poikilocytosis: The RBCs have an abnormal variety of shapes. This irregular shape is related to the abnormal hemoglobin production and the stress placed on the cells. Examples of poikilocytes seen in thalassemia include target cells, teardrop cells, and elliptocytes.
Functional Implications
These abnormalities affect the RBCs' ability to carry oxygen effectively. Due to their smaller size and lower hemoglobin content, they are able to carry less oxygen than normal RBCs. This leads to anemia, the primary clinical manifestation of thalassemia.
Summary
In short, RBCs in thalassemia are abnormal in size, color, and shape, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity and anemia.
