The drug of choice for polycythemia vera is often hydroxyurea.
Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent that works by reducing the production of blood cells in the bone marrow. This helps to lower the hematocrit (the proportion of red blood cells in the blood) and reduce the risk of complications associated with polycythemia vera, such as blood clots and stroke.
Other treatment options for polycythemia vera may include:
- Phlebotomy: This involves removing blood from the body to reduce the red blood cell count. It's often the first-line treatment, particularly for lower-risk patients or those who can't tolerate medications.
- Interferon-alpha: This medication stimulates the immune system and can help to suppress the production of blood cells. It is sometimes used for younger patients or pregnant women.
- Ruxolitinib: A JAK2 inhibitor used for patients who are resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea. It targets the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is often dysregulated in polycythemia vera.
- Anagrelide: This medication reduces the production of platelets. Although it doesn't directly address the elevated red blood cell count, it can be helpful in managing thrombocytosis (high platelet count), which often occurs in polycythemia vera.
The specific treatment approach for polycythemia vera is individualized and depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, risk of complications, and tolerance of medications. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is crucial to manage the condition effectively.
