Basophils are the rarest type of white blood cell (WBC).
Basophils typically make up only about 0.5% to 1% of circulating WBCs in healthy individuals. This small percentage distinguishes them as the least abundant of the five major types of white blood cells. The other types, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, are found in significantly higher proportions in a normal blood sample.
Why are basophils important despite their rarity? They play a crucial role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. When activated, they release substances like histamine and heparin, which contribute to the body's defense against pathogens and allergens. An increase in basophil count (basophilia) can sometimes indicate certain underlying conditions, such as allergies, infections, or myeloproliferative disorders.
In summary, the low prevalence of basophils among white blood cells underscores their specialized function and makes them a notable exception within the immune system's cellular components.
