The presence of hemoglobin in urine, known as hemoglobinuria, usually indicates that your body is breaking down red blood cells. This breakdown can happen in the blood vessels themselves, causing free-floating hemoglobin in the bloodstream. When the levels of hemoglobin in the blood become too high, it starts appearing in the urine.
There are several possible reasons for hemoglobinuria, including:
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): This is a rare blood disorder characterized by red or brown-colored urine, especially during late night or early morning hours.
- Hemolytic anemia: This condition occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced.
- Severe infections: Certain infections, like malaria or sepsis, can damage red blood cells and lead to hemoglobinuria.
- Medications: Some drugs, including antibiotics and anti-malarial medications, can cause red blood cell destruction and lead to hemoglobinuria.
- Other causes: Hemoglobinuria can also be caused by severe burns, kidney failure, and certain types of poisoning.
A urinalysis test can be used to detect hemoglobin in the urine and further investigation is needed to determine the underlying cause.
