The "C virus" in blood refers to the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the cause of Hepatitis C infection. This infection occurs when blood containing HCV enters the body of an uninfected person.
How Hepatitis C Virus Spreads
Hepatitis C is primarily a bloodborne infection. The most common ways the Hepatitis C virus spreads include:
- Sharing needles or syringes: This is a major risk factor, particularly among people who inject drugs.
- Needle stick injuries: Healthcare workers can be exposed through accidental needle sticks.
- Mother to child during birth: A pregnant woman with Hepatitis C can transmit the virus to her baby.
- Less common routes: These include sharing personal items (razors, toothbrushes) that may have come into contact with infected blood, sexual contact (though this is rare), and unsanitary tattooing or piercing practices.
Hepatitis C Infection
Once HCV enters the bloodstream, it attacks the liver, potentially leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer if left untreated. Many people with Hepatitis C don't know they are infected because they don't experience symptoms until liver damage has occurred.
Testing for Hepatitis C
Blood tests can detect the presence of HCV antibodies (indicating past or present infection) and the virus itself (HCV RNA). Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term liver damage.
Hepatitis C Treatment
Antiviral medications can cure Hepatitis C in most people. These medications work by stopping the virus from replicating in the body.
