Males are generally more affected by hepatitis, particularly HBV-related liver diseases, compared to females.
This heightened susceptibility in males is supported by research indicating a significantly higher prevalence of HBV-related liver diseases and liver disease-related deaths among men (Shen et al., 2011). While the reasons for this disparity are complex and multifaceted, several factors may contribute:
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Hormonal Influences: Differences in sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, can affect immune responses and the progression of liver disease. Estrogen, for instance, may have protective effects against liver damage.
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Behavioral Factors: Lifestyle choices, such as alcohol consumption and riskier sexual behavior, which can increase the risk of hepatitis infection, may be more prevalent in some male populations.
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Genetic Predisposition: Some studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in determining susceptibility to hepatitis infections and the severity of liver disease, and these genetic factors might be differentially expressed between males and females.
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Immune System Differences: Variations in the immune system between males and females can influence the body's ability to clear the hepatitis virus and prevent chronic infection.
It is important to note that while males generally experience a higher burden of hepatitis-related illness, both genders are susceptible to infection and liver damage. Prevention strategies, such as vaccination and safe practices, are crucial for protecting everyone.
