Higher order thinking is often used to describe advanced cognitive processes that go beyond rote memorization and recall. It involves actively engaging with information and ideas to solve problems, analyze situations, and create new understandings. According to the provided reference, higher order thinking encompasses skills like transfer, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
Key Components of Higher Order Thinking
Here's a breakdown of some essential components:
- Transfer: This is the ability to apply knowledge and skills learned in one context to new and different situations. For example, if a student learns about fractions in math class and then uses that knowledge to measure ingredients while baking, they are demonstrating transfer. The reference provided states that 'the student's ability to apply knowledge and skills to new contexts' is a key aspect of transfer.
- Critical Thinking: Analyzing information objectively and making reasoned judgments. This includes evaluating arguments, identifying biases, and drawing logical conclusions.
- Problem Solving: Identifying and defining problems, developing potential solutions, and implementing and evaluating those solutions.
Practical Examples
Let's explore some examples of how higher-order thinking can be applied:
- Scenario: A group of students is tasked with designing a sustainable garden for their school.
- Transfer: They apply their knowledge of plant biology and ecosystem dynamics to the design process.
- Critical Thinking: They evaluate the pros and cons of different plant species, considering factors like water usage and sunlight requirements.
- Problem Solving: They work together to overcome challenges such as limited space or budget constraints.
- Scenario: Analyzing a news article about climate change.
- Critical Thinking: Students would need to assess the credibility of the sources, identify any biases, and evaluate the evidence presented.
How to Encourage Higher Order Thinking
- Ask open-ended questions: Encourage students to think beyond simple recall by asking questions that require analysis, evaluation, or synthesis.
- Present real-world problems: Engage students with problems that are relevant to their lives and require them to apply their knowledge and skills in practical ways.
- Promote collaboration: Encourage students to work together, share ideas, and learn from each other.
- Provide opportunities for reflection: Give students time to reflect on their learning and to consider how they can apply what they have learned in the future.
