Acanthosis, in histology, refers to a specific change in the skin's structure, characterized by increased thickness of the epidermis. This thickening is primarily due to hyperplasia of the stratum spinosum, which is the layer of skin containing prickle cells.
Understanding Acanthosis
Here's a breakdown of what acanthosis entails:
- Location: The primary change occurs in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin.
- Specific Layer: It involves the stratum spinosum, which lies between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale.
- Cellular Change: Acanthosis is caused by an increase in the number of prickle cells within the stratum spinosum, leading to overall thickening of the epidermis.
Key Aspects of Acanthosis
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Definition | Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia caused by thickening of the stratum spinosum. |
| Cause | Increase in the number of prickle cells (keratinocytes) within the stratum spinosum. |
| Location | Primarily affects the epidermis, specifically the stratum spinosum. |
| Appearance | Microscopically, the stratum spinosum appears thicker than normal. |
| Significance | Can be associated with various skin conditions; understanding this change is key in dermatopathology. |
Common Conditions Associated with Acanthosis
- Psoriasis: Acanthosis is a common feature, along with elongated rete ridges and parakeratosis.
- Eczema: May exhibit acanthosis along with spongiosis.
- Lichen simplex chronicus: Shows marked acanthosis along with hyperkeratosis.
- Acanthosis nigricans: Characterized by hyperpigmentation and acanthosis.
Acanthosis is a histological term and must be distinguished from clinical conditions. It is often observed under a microscope when analyzing skin biopsies and is a key factor in diagnosing various skin pathologies. According to the Dermatologic Clinics, 2012, "Histopathologically, acanthosis is defined as diffuse epidermal hyperplasia caused by the increased thickness of the stratum spinosum constituted by the prickle cells."
