Removing damp from a wall involves addressing both the symptoms (mold and discoloration) and the underlying cause of the moisture. Here's a step-by-step guide:
1. Identify and Fix the Source of the Damp:
This is the most crucial step. Removing the damp's effects will only be temporary if you don't fix what's causing it. Common sources include:
- Leaking Pipes: Check for visible leaks in plumbing or behind walls.
- Roof Damage: Inspect your roof for missing or damaged tiles.
- Rising Damp: This comes from moisture in the ground. Look for a tide mark on the wall. This often requires professional damp proofing.
- Penetrating Damp: Rainwater entering through cracks or porous materials in the wall.
- Condensation: Caused by poor ventilation and high humidity, especially in bathrooms and kitchens.
2. Safety First!
- Wear protective gear: Gloves, a mask (especially if dealing with mold), and eye protection are recommended.
- Ventilate the area: Open windows and doors to improve airflow while you work.
3. Cleaning Mold and Mildew:
- Fungicidal Wash: Apply a fungicidal wash to the affected areas. You can find this at most hardware stores. Follow the product instructions carefully. Generally, you'll want to:
- Apply the wash to the moldy areas using a brush or sponge.
- Leave it for the recommended time (often 24 hours).
- Rinse thoroughly with clean water and a sponge or cloth.
- Alternative Cleaning Solutions (for less severe cases):
- Bleach Solution: Mix one part bleach with three parts water. Use with caution and avoid mixing with other cleaning products.
- Vinegar: White vinegar can be effective against mold. Spray it on the affected area, let it sit for an hour, and then wipe clean.
4. Preparing the Wall for Repair:
- Remove Loose Paint or Plaster: Use a scraper to remove any flaking paint or loose plaster in the affected area.
- Allow the Wall to Dry Completely: This may take several days or even weeks, depending on the severity of the damp and the ventilation. Use a dehumidifier to speed up the drying process if needed.
5. Repairing the Wall:
- Apply a Damp-Proofing Solution (if necessary): If you suspect rising or penetrating damp, consider applying a damp-proofing solution to the wall. Follow the product instructions.
- Re-plaster or Fill Cracks: Fill any cracks or holes in the wall with appropriate filler. If a large area needs repair, you may need to re-plaster.
- Prime and Paint: Once the filler or plaster is dry, prime the wall with a damp-resistant primer and then paint with a mold-resistant paint.
6. Preventing Future Damp Problems:
- Improve Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation in your home, especially in bathrooms and kitchens. Use extractor fans when showering or cooking.
- Maintain Proper Heating: Avoid extreme temperature fluctuations, which can lead to condensation.
- Address Leaks Promptly: Fix any leaks as soon as you notice them.
- Monitor Humidity Levels: Use a dehumidifier to control humidity levels, especially in damp areas.
- Consider Damp-Proofing Measures: For rising or penetrating damp, consider professional damp-proofing measures.
Important Considerations:
- Professional Help: For significant damp problems, especially rising damp or structural issues, it's best to consult a professional damp-proofing specialist.
- Mold Identification: If you're unsure about the type of mold you're dealing with, consider having it tested.
