The symptoms of high prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) vary between individuals and depend on the underlying cause, but common signs include infertility, loss of interest in sex, and milky nipple discharge when not pregnant or breastfeeding (galactorrhea).
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Symptoms in Women:
- Galactorrhea: This is the spontaneous production and discharge of milk from the nipples when not pregnant or breastfeeding. The discharge can be milky, clear, or even slightly colored.
- Menstrual Irregularities: High prolactin levels can interfere with the normal menstrual cycle, leading to irregular periods, missed periods (amenorrhea), or less frequent periods.
- Infertility: Elevated prolactin can disrupt ovulation, making it difficult to conceive.
- Decreased Libido: A reduced interest in sex is a common symptom.
- Vaginal Dryness: Lower estrogen levels, which can be a consequence of high prolactin, can cause vaginal dryness.
Symptoms in Men:
- Erectile Dysfunction: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection.
- Decreased Libido: Reduced sexual desire.
- Infertility: High prolactin can affect sperm production.
- Galactorrhea: Though less common than in women, men can also experience milky nipple discharge.
- Gynecomastia: Enlargement of breast tissue.
Symptoms in Both Men and Women:
- Headaches: In some cases, high prolactin levels caused by a pituitary tumor (prolactinoma) can lead to headaches.
- Vision Problems: If a prolactinoma is large, it can press on the optic nerves, causing blurred vision or double vision.
Important Considerations:
- The severity of symptoms can vary significantly. Some individuals with high prolactin may not experience any noticeable symptoms.
- Symptoms can develop gradually over time.
- Many of these symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions, so it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
- Galactorrhea can occur without hyperprolactinemia in some cases. Certain medications, excessive nipple stimulation, and other conditions can cause milk discharge.
