Symptoms of cortisol imbalance can vary depending on whether cortisol levels are too high or too low. However, some common symptoms associated with cortisol imbalance, particularly high cortisol, include weight gain (especially around the midsection and upper back), skin changes, muscle weakness, and slow healing.
Symptoms of High Cortisol (Hypercortisolism)
Hypercortisolism, also known as Cushing's syndrome, results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. Symptoms can include:
- Weight Gain: Notable weight gain, particularly around the abdomen and upper back.
- Facial Changes: A rounded face, often referred to as a "moon face."
- Skin Problems:
- Acne.
- Thinning skin, making it more susceptible to damage.
- Easy bruising.
- Flushed face.
- Slow wound healing.
- Muscle Weakness: Particularly in the proximal muscles (those closest to the trunk of the body).
- High Blood Pressure: Elevated blood pressure levels.
- High Blood Sugar: Increased risk of developing diabetes or worsening existing diabetes.
- Mood Changes: Irritability, anxiety, and depression are common.
- Osteoporosis: Increased bone loss, leading to a higher risk of fractures.
- In Women:
- Irregular menstrual cycles.
- Increased hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism).
- In Men:
- Decreased libido.
- Erectile dysfunction.
Symptoms of Low Cortisol (Hypocortisolism)
Hypocortisolism, also known as Addison's disease or adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol. Symptoms can include:
- Fatigue: Persistent and unexplained fatigue.
- Muscle Weakness: General muscle weakness.
- Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss.
- Decreased Appetite: Loss of appetite.
- Abdominal Pain: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Low Blood Pressure: Often leading to dizziness or fainting.
- Hyperpigmentation: Darkening of the skin, particularly in skin folds, scars, and gums.
- Salt Cravings: A strong desire for salty foods.
- Low Blood Sugar: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels).
- Mood Changes: Irritability, depression.
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions. If you suspect you have a cortisol imbalance, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. They may order blood tests, urine tests, or saliva tests to measure your cortisol levels and determine the underlying cause of your symptoms.
