Several hormones activate cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) production within cells. These hormones trigger a cascade of events that ultimately lead to increased cAMP levels.
Here's a list of hormones known to activate cAMP:
- Epinephrine and other catecholamines: These hormones, like adrenaline, are involved in the "fight or flight" response.
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal glands.
- Glucagon: Increases blood glucose levels.
- Luteinizing hormone (LH): Plays a crucial role in reproductive functions.
- Vasopressin: Regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
- Prostaglandins: Involved in inflammation, pain, and other processes.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland.
These hormones bind to specific receptors on the cell surface. These receptors are often G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The binding activates a G protein, which in turn activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase then catalyzes the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to cAMP. The increased cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA), leading to phosphorylation of specific target proteins and a cellular response.
In summary, a variety of hormones, including epinephrine, ACTH, glucagon, LH, vasopressin, prostaglandins, and TSH, can activate cAMP production.
