Yes, all humans have bone marrow, but its distribution and function change with age.
Bone Marrow: The Blood Cell Factory
Bone marrow is a vital spongy tissue residing within bones. Its primary function is hematopoiesis – the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells are essential for carrying oxygen, fighting infection, and clotting blood.
Changes in Bone Marrow Distribution with Age
- Newborns: In newborns, all bones contain active bone marrow actively producing blood cells. This is crucial for rapid growth and development.
- Young Adults: As we mature, the marrow in long bones (arms and legs) becomes inactive, transitioning into yellow marrow, primarily composed of fat. Active, red bone marrow remains in specific bones such as the pelvis, ribs, sternum, skull, and vertebrae.
- Adults: While the distribution shifts, active bone marrow continues to be essential throughout life for blood cell production.
Importance of Active Bone Marrow
Active red bone marrow is critical for overall health. Its function is essential for:
- Oxygen transport: Red blood cells, produced in the bone marrow, carry oxygen throughout the body.
- Immune response: White blood cells, also produced in the bone marrow, play a vital role in fighting infections.
- Blood clotting: Platelets, another bone marrow product, are essential for blood clotting.
Therefore, while the location of active bone marrow changes significantly with age, all humans possess bone marrow throughout their lives.
