The human backbone, or spine, is divided into five distinct regions. These regions, also called types of backbone, each have unique characteristics and functions.
Regions of the Spine
The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a crucial part of the skeletal system, providing support, flexibility, and protection for the spinal cord. It is composed of individual bones called vertebrae, separated by intervertebral discs. The spine is divided into five regions:
1. Cervical Spine (C1-C7)
- Located in the neck.
- Consists of seven vertebrae (C1 to C7).
- Supports the skull and allows for a wide range of head movements.
- C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) are specialized vertebrae that facilitate head rotation.
2. Thoracic Spine (T1-T12)
- Located in the mid-back.
- Consists of twelve vertebrae (T1 to T12).
- Connects to the rib cage, providing stability and protecting vital organs.
- Has limited range of motion due to rib attachments.
3. Lumbar Spine (L1-L5)
- Located in the lower back.
- Consists of five vertebrae (L1 to L5).
- Carries the majority of the body's weight and provides flexibility for bending and twisting.
- Largest vertebrae in the spine due to the weight-bearing demands.
4. Sacral Spine (S1-S5)
- Located at the base of the spine.
- Consists of five fused vertebrae (S1 to S5) forming the sacrum.
- Connects the spine to the pelvis.
- Provides stability and support for the lower body.
5. Tailbone (Coccyx)
- Located below the sacrum.
- Composed of 3-5 fused vertebrae.
- Provides attachment for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.
- Considered a vestigial structure.
