Cartilage plays a crucial role in the body by providing shape and cushioning joints. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a gel-like cartilaginous matrix made of proteins like collagens, which provide structure and support.
Detailed Functions of Cartilage
Cartilage serves two primary functions:
- Provides Shape: Cartilage gives form and support to various body parts, such as the ears and nose.
- Acts as a Cushion: Cartilage acts as a shock absorber between bones in joints, preventing bone-on-bone friction and enabling smooth movement. This cushioning effect is particularly important in weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
Components of Cartilage
The main components of cartilage contribute to its unique properties and functions:
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Chondrocytes | These cells produce and maintain the cartilage matrix, ensuring its integrity and functionality. |
| Cartilage Matrix | A gel-like substance composed of specialized proteins, including collagens. This matrix provides strength, elasticity, and resilience to the cartilage, enabling it to withstand compressive forces. |
Examples of Cartilage in the Body
- Articular Cartilage: Covers the ends of bones in joints, facilitating smooth movement and preventing friction.
- Costal Cartilage: Connects the ribs to the sternum, providing flexibility to the rib cage during breathing.
- Nasal Cartilage: Supports the structure of the nose, maintaining its shape.
- Ear Cartilage: Forms the framework of the outer ear, giving it its characteristic shape.
