Rib cartilage, also known as costal cartilage, primarily serves to connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone) and provides flexibility and structural support to the ribcage. This allows the ribcage to expand and contract during breathing and protects vital organs within the chest.
Functions of Rib Cartilage
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Connects Ribs to Sternum: The costal cartilages act as a bridge, joining the bony ribs to the sternum. Without this cartilage, the ribs wouldn't articulate properly with the sternum.
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Provides Flexibility: Unlike bone, cartilage is flexible. This flexibility is crucial for allowing the ribcage to expand and contract during respiration (breathing). This allows for changes in chest volume necessary for air intake and expulsion.
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Structural Support: The costal cartilages provide structural integrity to the ribcage, helping it maintain its shape and resist deformation. This support is essential for protecting the lungs, heart, and other vital organs within the thoracic cavity.
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Shock Absorption: Cartilage can absorb some degree of impact, helping to protect the ribcage and internal organs from trauma.
Why Cartilage Instead of Bone?
Using cartilage instead of bone for connecting ribs to the sternum offers significant advantages:
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Flexibility for Breathing: Bone is rigid and would restrict movement during breathing. Cartilage's elasticity allows for chest expansion and contraction.
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Reduced Risk of Fracture: Cartilage is more resilient to bending and twisting forces than bone. This reduces the likelihood of rib fractures during normal activities or minor trauma.
What Happens When Rib Cartilage is Damaged?
Damage to rib cartilage, such as in costochondritis (inflammation of the costal cartilage), can cause chest pain and tenderness. This pain can be exacerbated by breathing, coughing, or movement.
Summary
Rib cartilage plays a vital role in the structure and function of the ribcage by providing a flexible connection between the ribs and sternum, enabling breathing and protecting internal organs.
