The backbone of the human body is the vertebral column, also known as the spine or spinal column.
Understanding the Vertebral Column
The vertebral column is a complex and crucial structure that serves multiple vital functions:
- Support: It provides the main support for the body, allowing us to stand upright.
- Protection: It protects the spinal cord, a delicate bundle of nerves that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
- Movement: It allows for flexibility and a range of motion in the torso.
- Attachment: It serves as an attachment point for muscles, ribs, and other bones.
Structure of the Vertebral Column
The vertebral column is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. In humans, there are typically 33 vertebrae, which are divided into five regions:
- Cervical Vertebrae (7): Located in the neck.
- Thoracic Vertebrae (12): Located in the upper back, connecting to the ribs.
- Lumbar Vertebrae (5): Located in the lower back.
- Sacral Vertebrae (5): Fused together to form the sacrum, which connects to the pelvis.
- Coccygeal Vertebrae (4): Fused together to form the coccyx, or tailbone.
The upper 24 vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) are separated by intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers and allow for movement. The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are fused together in adults, providing stability to the pelvis.
| Vertebral Region | Number of Vertebrae |
|---|---|
| Cervical | 7 |
| Thoracic | 12 |
| Lumbar | 5 |
| Sacral | 5 (fused) |
| Coccygeal | 4 (fused) |
Therefore, the vertebral column, or spine, is the correct answer.
