Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands. These glands are primarily responsible for the production and release of saliva into the oral cavity.
The Major Salivary Glands
There are three major pairs of salivary glands:
- Parotid Glands: These are the largest salivary glands, located in front of and below the ears.
- Submandibular Glands: Situated beneath the jaw, these glands contribute significantly to saliva production.
- Sublingual Glands: The smallest of the major salivary glands, located under the tongue.
Structure of Salivary Glands
Salivary glands are made up of clusters of cells called acini or alveoli, which are the secretory units. These acini are connected to a network of ducts that carry the saliva into the mouth. The acini can be either serous (producing watery saliva), mucous (producing viscous saliva), or mixed (producing both).
Function of Saliva
Saliva plays several crucial roles in oral health and digestion, including:
- Moistening Food: Saliva lubricates food, making it easier to swallow.
- Initiating Digestion: Saliva contains enzymes like amylase that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates.
- Cleaning the Mouth: Saliva helps to wash away food particles and bacteria.
- Protecting Teeth: Saliva contains minerals that help to neutralize acids and protect tooth enamel.
In summary, the salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) are the primary glands responsible for the secretion of saliva.
