The real, or more scientific/medical, name for tears is lacrimae.
Understanding Lacrimae (Tears)
"Lacrimae" comes from the Latin word "lacrima," which simply means "tear." While we commonly use the word "tears," in medical and scientific contexts, "lacrimae" or "lacrimal fluid" is often preferred. The process of producing tears is called lacrimation (or lachrymation).
Functions of Tears
Tears aren't just about crying; they play several crucial roles in eye health:
- Lubrication: Tears keep the surface of the eye moist, preventing dryness and discomfort.
- Protection: They wash away dust, debris, and irritants, protecting the cornea.
- Nourishment: Tears contain nutrients and oxygen that help keep the cornea healthy.
- Antimicrobial Action: Tears contain lysozyme, an enzyme that helps fight bacterial infections.
Types of Tears
There are three main types of tears:
- Basal Tears: These are constantly produced to keep the eye lubricated.
- Reflex Tears: These are produced in response to irritants, such as dust or smoke.
- Emotional Tears: These are produced in response to strong emotions, such as sadness or joy. Emotional tears have a different chemical composition than basal or reflex tears; for example, they contain more protein-based hormones like prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and leucine enkephalin (a natural painkiller).
Conditions Affecting Tear Production
Several conditions can affect tear production, leading to either dry eye (insufficient tear production) or excessive tearing (epiphora).
- Dry Eye Syndrome: This is a common condition where the eyes don't produce enough tears or the tears are of poor quality.
- Blocked Tear Ducts: This can prevent tears from draining properly, leading to excessive tearing.
- Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause the eyes to water excessively.
In summary, while we commonly call them "tears," the more specific and scientific term is "lacrimae," and understanding the function and types of tears is important for overall eye health.
