Lactic acid is caused by anaerobic glycolysis, a process where cells break down glucose for energy when oxygen supply is limited.
Lactic Acid: A Natural Byproduct of Energy Production
Lactic acid, also known as lactate, isn't always a sign of something wrong. It's actually a natural consequence of how your body generates energy.
Anaerobic Glycolysis Explained
When your cells need quick energy and don't have enough oxygen readily available, they switch to a process called anaerobic glycolysis. This process breaks down glucose (sugar) into lactate. This commonly occurs during intense exercise.
Situations That Lead to Lactic Acid Buildup
- Intense Exercise: During high-intensity workouts, your muscles may not get enough oxygen to meet their energy demands, leading to increased lactate production.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as severe infection (sepsis), heart failure, kidney disease, and some genetic disorders, can interfere with oxygen delivery or lactate removal, leading to lactic acidosis (a dangerous buildup of lactic acid).
Why Does This Happen?
The body prefers to use oxygen to create energy (aerobic metabolism). However, when oxygen is scarce, it turns to anaerobic metabolism as a temporary solution. Lactate can then be converted back into energy when oxygen becomes available again.
Symptoms of Lactic Acid Buildup
Common symptoms of lactic acid buildup from exercise include:
- Muscle weakness
- Burning sensation in muscles
- Nausea
- Rapid breathing
When to Seek Medical Attention
While lactic acid buildup during exercise is usually harmless and temporary, lactic acidosis due to underlying medical conditions requires immediate medical attention. Seek medical help if you experience:
- Persistent fatigue
- Muscle pain that doesn't improve
- Shortness of breath
- Confusion
- Dizziness
Summary
Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis, a process your body uses to produce energy when oxygen is limited. It's commonly associated with intense exercise but can also be caused by certain medical conditions.
