Based on the provided information, horizontal fracking involves pumping a specific mixture into the wellbore under extremely high pressure to fracture the rock formation.
The Fracking Fluid and Injection Process
The core of the horizontal fracking process, as described, centers on the injection of a special fluid mixture into the well. This mixture is crucial for creating and maintaining fractures within the geological formations.
Key Components
According to the reference, the fracking fluid consists of several primary elements:
- Water: This forms the base of the fluid, carrying other components into the wellbore.
- Sand: Often referred to as proppant, sand plays a vital role in holding open the fractures created in the rock.
- Additives: Various chemical additives are included in the mixture. While the reference doesn't detail which additives, they typically serve purposes such as reducing friction, preventing bacterial growth, or carrying the sand effectively.
The Injection
The described process involves pumping this mixture of water, sand, and additives into the wellbore and down the casing. The key aspect highlighted is the use of extremely high pressure.
Creating Fractures
As the mixture is forced out through specifically created perforations in the casing, the extremely high pressure overcomes the strength of the surrounding rock. This causes the rock to fracture, creating pathways through which oil or natural gas can flow more easily towards the wellbore. The sand (proppant) in the mixture then enters these fractures and keeps them open even after the pressure is released.
In summary, according to the reference, horizontal fracking works by injecting a high-pressure mix of water, sand, and additives through perforations in the well casing to create fractures in the rock formation.
