A correct example of a hydrogen bond involves molecules where a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Specific examples include water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom (like F, O, or N) and another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons in a nearby molecule or even within the same molecule. This interaction is stronger than typical dipole-dipole forces but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.
According to the provided reference:
Molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bound with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen are considered examples that show the hydrogen bonding process. Water, ammonia, hydrogen fluoride are all examples of hydrogen bonding in inorganic chemistry.
Common Examples of Hydrogen Bonding
Based on this, the primary examples of inorganic molecules that demonstrate hydrogen bonding are:
- Water (H₂O): The hydrogen atoms are bonded to oxygen, and hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another.
- Ammonia (NH₃): Hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, and hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one ammonia molecule and the nitrogen of another.
- Hydrogen Fluoride (HF): The hydrogen atom is bonded to fluorine, leading to hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen of one HF molecule and the fluorine of another.
These molecules are classic illustrations because they clearly show the requirement of hydrogen being directly bonded to one of the highly electronegative atoms (F, O, or N) to participate in this specific type of intermolecular force.
Illustrative Examples
Here is a table summarizing the examples cited:
| Molecule | Chemical Formula | Key Atoms for Hydrogen Bonding |
|---|---|---|
| Water | H₂O | Hydrogen (H) bonded to Oxygen (O) |
| Ammonia | NH₃ | Hydrogen (H) bonded to Nitrogen (N) |
| Hydrogen Fluoride | HF | Hydrogen (H) bonded to Fluorine (F) |
Understanding these examples is crucial for recognizing hydrogen bonding in various chemical and biological systems, as it significantly impacts properties like boiling points, solubility, and the structure of molecules like DNA and proteins.
