The main cause of hypercalcemia is typically overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands.
Understanding Hypercalcemia and Its Causes
Hypercalcemia, characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood, can stem from various factors. However, one cause stands out as most frequent, as cited in provided reference.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: The Leading Cause
According to the provided information, the most common cause of hypercalcemia is primary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs when one or more of the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). These four tiny glands, located in the neck near the thyroid gland, are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body.
- When these glands become overactive, they release excessive amounts of PTH, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood.
- This overproduction of PTH can result from benign tumors (adenomas) or, in rarer cases, enlargement of all four glands (hyperplasia).
Other Potential Causes of Hypercalcemia
While primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent cause, other conditions can also lead to elevated calcium levels. These include:
- Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma, can cause hypercalcemia by releasing substances that increase bone breakdown.
- Other Medical Conditions: Conditions such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and hyperthyroidism can sometimes lead to hypercalcemia.
- Medications: Some medications, including thiazide diuretics and lithium, can cause an increase in blood calcium levels as a side effect.
Summary Table: Causes of Hypercalcemia
| Cause | Description | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Hyperparathyroidism | Overactivity of one or more parathyroid glands | Most Common |
| Cancer | Certain cancers can trigger hypercalcemia | Less Common |
| Other Medical Conditions | Conditions like sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and hyperthyroidism | Less Common |
| Medications | Thiazide diuretics and lithium can cause hypercalcemia | Less Common |
Conclusion
In summary, primary hyperparathyroidism, caused by overactive parathyroid glands producing excess hormone, is the primary reason behind most cases of hypercalcemia. While other causes exist, they are less common compared to parathyroid gland issues.
