Hypermobility syndrome describes a condition where individuals have joints that are unusually flexible and move beyond the normal range of motion. This "loose-jointedness," sometimes referred to as being "double-jointed," can, but does not always, cause a variety of symptoms.
Understanding Hypermobility
Joint hypermobility itself is not a disease. Many people have hypermobile joints without experiencing any problems. However, when hypermobility is accompanied by a constellation of symptoms, it can be classified as hypermobility syndrome (also referred to as Joint Hypermobility Syndrome or JHS).
Symptoms Associated with Hypermobility Syndrome
Hypermobility syndrome manifests differently in each individual, and the severity of symptoms can vary widely. Common symptoms include:
- Joint pain: Aches and pains in the joints, which can be exacerbated by activity.
- Joint instability: A feeling of looseness or giving way in the joints, leading to sprains, dislocations, or subluxations (partial dislocations).
- Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and low energy levels.
- Muscle pain: Aches and pains in the muscles, often related to the increased effort required to stabilize hypermobile joints.
- Digestive problems: Such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
- Skin problems: Some individuals may have soft, stretchy skin.
- Anxiety and depression: Chronic pain and fatigue can contribute to mental health issues.
Diagnosis of Hypermobility Syndrome
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination using the Beighton score, a standardized system for assessing joint hypermobility based on specific movements. A score of 4 or more (out of 9) suggests hypermobility. However, diagnosis also requires considering the presence of other symptoms. The Brighton criteria are commonly used to diagnose Hypermobility Syndrome and take into account joint hypermobility along with other related problems.
Management of Hypermobility Syndrome
There is no cure for hypermobility syndrome, and management focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. Common approaches include:
- Physical therapy: To strengthen muscles around the joints, improve stability, and promote proper movement patterns.
- Pain management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers, as well as alternative therapies like acupuncture or massage.
- Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding activities that strain the joints, maintaining a healthy weight, and using assistive devices (e.g., braces) when needed.
- Exercise: Low-impact exercises, like swimming or cycling, can help to maintain fitness and strength without putting excessive stress on the joints.
- Occupational therapy: To learn strategies for performing daily tasks with less stress on the joints.
Differentiating from other conditions
It's crucial to differentiate hypermobility syndrome from other conditions that can cause joint hypermobility and related symptoms, such as Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). EDS is a group of inherited disorders that affect connective tissue, and hypermobility is one of its characteristics. A doctor is needed to differentiate between these conditions.
In summary, hypermobility syndrome is a condition characterized by unusually flexible joints that, when accompanied by other symptoms, can lead to pain, instability, and other challenges. Management focuses on symptom relief and improving overall well-being.
