An emergency related to high blood pressure, also known as a hypertensive crisis, occurs when blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels. Specifically, if your blood pressure is 180/120 mm Hg or greater and you experience certain symptoms, you should seek immediate medical attention.
Understanding Hypertensive Crisis
A hypertensive crisis is not just about a high blood pressure reading; it's about the combination of extremely elevated blood pressure and accompanying symptoms that indicate organ damage is likely occurring.
When to Call 911
According to the Mayo Clinic, you should call 911 or emergency medical services if your blood pressure is 180/120 mm Hg or greater and you experience any of the following:
-
Chest pain
-
Shortness of breath
-
Symptoms of stroke
- Numbness or tingling
- Loss of feeling in the face, arm, or leg, often on just one side of the body
Recognizing the Severity
It is vital to distinguish between high blood pressure that needs treatment and high blood pressure that constitutes an emergency. While high blood pressure can often be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, a hypertensive crisis requires prompt intervention to prevent severe complications, such as:
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Kidney damage
- Aortic dissection
Emergency Checklist
If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, immediate action is critical:
- Check blood pressure: If you have a monitor, take a reading.
- Evaluate symptoms: Look for chest pain, shortness of breath, numbness, or signs of stroke.
- Call 911: If blood pressure is 180/120 mm Hg or higher and symptoms are present, seek immediate medical help.
Why Immediate Action is Necessary
Prompt medical intervention is crucial during a hypertensive crisis because extremely high blood pressure can rapidly damage blood vessels and organs. Early treatment can help reduce the risk of long-term complications and improve outcomes.
| Symptom | Emergency Action |
|---|---|
| BP ≥ 180/120 mm Hg | Immediate evaluation: This high BP itself warrants medical attention, especially with symptoms. |
| Chest Pain | Call 911: Indicates potential heart issues and requires prompt medical intervention. |
| Shortness of Breath | Call 911: Can indicate heart failure, lung issues, and potentially life-threatening conditions. |
| Stroke Symptoms | Call 911: Requires immediate treatment to minimize brain damage and long-term disabilities. |
