What is the Protocol for IM Injections?
Intramuscular (IM) injections deliver medication deep into a muscle. The process involves several key steps to ensure safe and effective administration.
- Muscle Selection: The choice of muscle depends on factors like the patient's age, muscle size, and medication volume. Common sites include the deltoid (upper arm), vastus lateralis (thigh), and ventrogluteal (hip). For neonates and infants, the vastus lateralis is preferred. Source: RCH Clinical Guideline on Intramuscular Injections
- Needle Length and Gauge: Needle size varies based on the injection site and patient size. For example, children older than 12 months up to 12 years old might require a 22-25 gauge needle in the deltoid. Source: Public Health Ontario - Immunization Technique for Intramuscular Injections The needle must be long enough to reach the muscle to prevent subcutaneous injection. Source: CDC Vaccine Administration Guidelines For adults, a maximum of 3ml should be injected in a single site due to muscle absorption limitations. Source: Elsevier - Medication Administration: Intramuscular Injections
- Volume Limits: The volume of medication administered at a single site is also crucial. Exceeding the muscle's capacity can cause pain and discomfort.
Injection Technique
- Preparation: Cleanse the injection site with an antiseptic swab.
- Needle Insertion: Insert the needle smoothly and swiftly at a 90-degree angle to ensure the medication reaches the muscle. [Source: Provided reference].
- Medication Injection: Slowly inject the medication.
- Needle Removal: After removing the needle, apply gentle pressure with a cotton ball or gauze. [Source: Provided reference].
Post-Injection Care
- Monitor the injection site for any signs of bleeding, swelling, or discomfort.
This protocol prioritizes accurate and safe medication administration. Always follow established guidelines and consult relevant resources for specific situations. Using the correct technique minimizes pain and complications.
