Gamma cells, in the context of immunology, are primarily γδ (gamma-delta) T cells. These are a unique subset of T cells, different from the more common αβ (alpha-beta) T cells. They possess a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface and represent a smaller portion of the total T cell population.
Key Characteristics and Functions of γδ T Cells:
- Unconventional T cells: γδ T cells are considered "unconventional" T cells because their functions differ from those of αβ T cells. (Source: British Society for Immunology)
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IELs): A significant number of γδ T cells are found in the epithelial layers of mucous membranes, acting as intraepithelial lymphocytes. (Source: Provided text)
- Immune Regulation: They play crucial roles in regulating the immune system, including immunosuppressive functions of other IELs and the development of immune tolerance. (Source: Provided text)
- Tissue Repair and Healing: γδ T cells promote tissue repair and cell healing, highlighting their protective role. (Source: Provided text)
- Inflammatory Responses: In contrast to their protective functions, γδ T cells can also promote inflammatory responses in lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (Source: NCBI article on Gamma-Delta T Cells and Diseases)
Gamma Radiation and its Effects on Cells:
The term "gamma cell" might also refer to a cell exposed to or affected by gamma radiation. This is a form of ionizing radiation that can damage cells directly, causing acute effects at high exposures. (Source: ARPANSA and EPA) Gamma irradiation is utilized in medical applications like Gamma Knife radiosurgery to precisely target and destroy cells, and in blood product treatment to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine and PubMed). Furthermore, facilities such as Oregon State University's Radiation Center utilize gamma irradiators for research purposes, capable of delivering high doses of gamma radiation. (Source: Oregon State University)
In summary, the term "gamma cell" requires clarification based on context. It can refer to immune cells (γδ T cells) or cells affected by gamma radiation. The provided references illustrate diverse applications and roles for "gamma cells" depending on the specific field.
