The cells that fight infection are white blood cells.
Understanding White Blood Cells and Infection
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are essential components of the immune system. They circulate throughout the body in the blood and lymphatic system, constantly on the lookout for threats. Here's a breakdown:
- Production: White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
- Function: Their primary role is to identify and eliminate foreign invaders, such as:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Parasites
- Fungi
- Mechanism: They achieve this through various mechanisms, including:
- Phagocytosis: Engulfing and destroying pathogens.
- Antibody production: Creating proteins that target and neutralize specific invaders.
- Cell-mediated immunity: Directly attacking infected cells.
Types of White Blood Cells
While the umbrella term is "white blood cells," there are several distinct types, each with specialized functions:
| Type of White Blood Cell | Function |
|---|---|
| Neutrophils | First responders; engulf and destroy bacteria and fungi. |
| Lymphocytes | Include B cells (antibody production) and T cells (cell-mediated immunity). |
| Monocytes | Develop into macrophages, which engulf pathogens and debris. |
| Eosinophils | Fight parasites and are involved in allergic reactions. |
| Basophils | Release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation. |
