Neutrophils and macrophages are the primary cells responsible for killing bacteria in the body.
These cells are vital components of the immune system and employ several strategies to eliminate bacterial invaders.
Phagocytic Action
Both neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes, meaning they engulf and internalize bacteria. This process is the first step in destroying the harmful microorganisms.
- The cell membrane surrounds the bacteria.
- The bacteria is enclosed within a vesicle.
- The vesicle fuses with lysosomes containing digestive enzymes.
Antimicrobial Arsenal
Beyond engulfment, these cells also produce a potent mix of substances that directly kill or inhibit bacterial growth.
| Cell Type | Antimicrobial Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Neutrophils | Antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen species, enzymes |
| Macrophages | Antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen species, enzymes |
Antimicrobial Peptides: These peptides disrupt bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell death.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Highly reactive molecules like superoxide and hydrogen peroxide damage bacterial components.
Enzymes: Various enzymes degrade bacterial proteins and other essential molecules.
In summary, both neutrophils and macrophages work in tandem, using phagocytosis and a powerful arsenal of antimicrobial substances, to neutralize and eradicate invading bacteria, thus playing a vital role in our body's defense.
