The two types of immune response are antibody responses and cell-mediated immune responses.
Understanding Immune Responses
The immune system protects the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses through complex mechanisms. These mechanisms can be broadly categorized into two main types of responses, each utilizing different components of the immune system.
Antibody Responses
- Mediated by: These responses are carried out by specialized cells called B cells.
- Mechanism: In an antibody response, B cells are activated.
- Key Output: Activated B cells secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. These antibodies are released into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, where they can bind to and neutralize specific pathogens or mark them for destruction by other immune cells.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
- Mediated by: These responses are carried out by a different class of lymphocytes known as T cells.
- Mechanism: Unlike antibody responses that rely on secreted proteins, cell-mediated immunity involves the direct action of immune cells (T cells) against infected cells, cancer cells, or pathogens.
Comparison of Immune Response Types
Based on the classes of lymphocytes involved and their primary actions, the two broad types of immune responses can be summarized:
| Type of Response | Carried Out By | Primary Action | Key Components Involved |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody Response | B cells | Secreting antibodies (immunoglobulins) | B cells, Antibodies |
| Cell-Mediated Response | T cells | Direct cell action (e.g., targeting infected cells) | T cells |
Both antibody and cell-mediated responses are crucial for effective immunity, working together to protect the body from a wide range of threats.
