We develop immunity through the production of special proteins called antibodies, created by the acquired immune system with the help of the innate system, in response to specific invaders.
The Process of Antibody Development
Here's a breakdown of how immunity develops:
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Exposure to an Invader: When your body encounters a harmful substance like a virus or bacteria (an invader), your immune system springs into action.
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B Lymphocytes and Antibody Production: Cells called B lymphocytes, which are part of the acquired immune system, recognize the invader. Following this exposure, the B lymphocytes develop and produce antibodies specific to that particular invader.
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Antibody Action: These antibodies are tailored to target and neutralize the specific invader. They either destroy the invader directly or mark it for destruction by other immune cells.
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Long-Term Protection: After the invader is defeated, these antibodies remain in the body, providing long-term protection. This way, if the same invader tries to attack again, the body can respond quickly and efficiently, often preventing illness.
Types of Immunity
Here is a brief overview of the two types of immunity:
| Type of Immunity | How it is Developed |
|---|---|
| Innate Immunity | Present at birth; immediate response |
| Acquired Immunity | Develops after exposure to an invader; develops antibodies. |
Example: Getting the Flu
Let's illustrate with an example. If you get the flu, your B lymphocytes will create antibodies against the flu virus. If you are exposed to the same flu virus in the future, your body will recognize it and use those stored antibodies to fight off the infection, potentially preventing you from getting sick again.
Practical Insights
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Vaccination: Vaccines work by introducing weakened or inactive invaders to the body, prompting the immune system to develop antibodies without causing illness. This creates immunity for future encounters.
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Exposure: While not always the safest route, exposure to illness can also trigger the development of antibodies and subsequent immunity. This approach, however, can come with risk of illness, unlike vaccinations.
