Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are crucial for defending the body against infection and disease.
Leukocytes: The Body's Defenders
Leukocytes are a critical component of the blood, distinct from red blood cells in that they lack hemoglobin, possess a nucleus, and exhibit motility. Their primary function is to protect the body from various threats, as detailed below:
- Defense Against Infection and Disease: Leukocytes are the body's primary defense mechanism against harmful invaders.
How Leukocytes Defend the Body
Leukocytes employ a range of mechanisms to safeguard the body:
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Ingesting Foreign Materials and Cellular Debris: Certain leukocytes, like phagocytes, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular waste, effectively cleaning up the body's internal environment.
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Destroying Infectious Agents and Cancer Cells: Leukocytes can directly kill pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They can also target and destroy cancerous cells, preventing tumor growth and spread.
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Producing... (Reference Incomplete): The provided reference is incomplete, but leukocytes also defend by producing substances like antibodies and cytokines.
Types of Leukocytes and Their Roles
Different types of leukocytes specialize in specific defense mechanisms:
| Leukocyte Type | Function |
|---|---|
| Neutrophils | Phagocytize bacteria and fungi; first responders to infection. |
| Lymphocytes | Include B cells (produce antibodies) and T cells (kill infected cells and regulate the immune response). |
| Monocytes | Develop into macrophages, which phagocytize pathogens and present antigens to T cells. |
| Eosinophils | Attack parasites and are involved in allergic reactions. |
| Basophils | Release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation, important in allergic reactions and fighting certain infections. |
