Tetanus can involve both active and passive immunity, depending on how immunity is acquired. It's important to distinguish between tetanus infection and tetanus vaccination.
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Active Immunity (Vaccination): Tetanus vaccination, usually given as the tetanus toxoid vaccine, stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies against the tetanus toxin. This is active immunity because the body is actively involved in creating its own protection.
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Passive Immunity (Tetanus Immunoglobulin): Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG or also known as TIGH - Tetanus Immune Globulin Human) provides passive immunity. This involves injecting pre-formed antibodies directly into the person. It offers immediate, but temporary, protection, as the body doesn't create the antibodies itself. This is often used after a potential tetanus exposure in someone who is not adequately vaccinated or whose vaccination status is uncertain.
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Combined Active-Passive Immunization: As mentioned in the reference, combined active-passive immunization uses both tetanus toxoid (for active immunity) and TIG (for passive immunity). This approach gives both immediate protection and sets the stage for long-term active immunity.
In summary:
- Tetanus Vaccination = Active Immunity
- Tetanus Immunoglobulin (TIG/TIGH) = Passive Immunity
