The four main types of T cells are Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Regulatory T cells, and Memory T cells.
Here's a breakdown of each type:
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Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+ T cells): These are also known as killer T cells. Their primary function is to directly kill cells that are infected with viruses or bacteria, or that are cancerous. They recognize infected or abnormal cells by detecting antigens presented on their surface.
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Helper T Cells (CD4+ T cells): These cells don't directly kill infected cells. Instead, they "help" other immune cells to function. They release cytokines that activate B cells to produce antibodies and activate macrophages to engulf and destroy pathogens. They are crucial for coordinating the immune response.
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Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): These cells play a crucial role in suppressing the immune system. They prevent autoimmune diseases and limit chronic inflammation. They help to maintain tolerance to self-antigens, preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues.
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Memory T Cells: These are long-lived cells that are generated after an infection is cleared. They "remember" the specific antigen that triggered their activation, allowing for a faster and more robust response upon subsequent encounters with the same antigen. They provide long-term immunity.
