Central memory T cells are antigen-experienced cells that play a critical role in the adaptive immune response by providing long-lasting immunity against previously encountered pathogens. They mediate a faster and more potent response upon repeat encounter with the same antigen.
Key Functions of Central Memory T Cells
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Rapid Response to Re-infection: Memory T cells, having previously encountered an antigen, are poised to respond quickly and effectively upon subsequent exposure. This is more efficient than the initial response of naive T cells. The reference highlights that memory T cells "mediate a faster and more potent response upon repeat encounter with antigen."
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Long-Term Immunity: These cells are long-lived, providing sustained protection. Their ability to persist in the body allows for rapid activation and elimination of the pathogen if it reappears.
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Protection Against Subsequent Infections: Following an infection, memory T cells develop and contribute to long-term protection against the same pathogen.
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Enhanced Effector Function: When reactivated by their specific antigen, memory T cells rapidly differentiate into effector T cells, capable of directly eliminating infected cells or secreting cytokines to activate other immune cells.
In essence, central memory T cells act as a "lookout" system, remembering past infections and enabling a swift and powerful immune response if the body encounters the same threat again.
