B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. They are a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. When the immune system detects antigens, which are markers that indicate a threat like a bacteria or virus, B cells produce antibodies to fight the invader.
Antibodies are proteins that are synthesized exclusively by B cells and come in billions of forms, each with a different amino acid sequence and a different antigen-binding site. This diversity allows the immune system to target a wide range of pathogens.
Here's how the process works:
- Antigen Detection: When a B cell encounters an antigen, it is activated.
- Proliferation and Differentiation: The activated B cell multiplies and differentiates into plasma cells.
- Antibody Production: Plasma cells are specialized antibody-producing factories. They release large amounts of antibodies into the bloodstream.
- Target Elimination: Antibodies bind to the specific antigen, marking the invader for destruction by other immune cells.
In summary, B cells play a crucial role in humoral immunity, the branch of the immune system that involves antibodies. By producing these proteins, B cells help protect the body from infection and disease.
