Blood samples in infants are collected using a few different methods, carefully chosen to minimize discomfort and obtain the required amount of blood.
Methods of Blood Collection in Infants
Based on the reference provided, there are three main methods used to collect blood samples in infants:
| Method | Description | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Heel Puncture | Lancing the lateral aspect of the infant's heel, gently squeezing the heel, and collecting the pooled capillary blood. | Often used for routine screening tests like newborn metabolic screening. |
| Venepuncture | Aspirating blood through a needle from a peripheral vein. | Used when larger volumes of blood are needed, or for specific blood tests requiring venous blood. |
| Arterial Puncture | Taking blood from an artery. | Typically used for blood gas analysis when arterial blood is needed. |
Heel Puncture in Detail
Heel puncture is a common method, especially for newborns and infants. Here's a breakdown:
- The side of the heel is cleaned with an antiseptic.
- A small, sterile lancet is used to quickly puncture the skin.
- Gentle pressure is applied to the heel to encourage blood flow.
- The blood is collected into a small collection device like a capillary tube or onto filter paper.
Venepuncture in Detail
Venepuncture is generally used when more blood is needed than what a heel stick can provide. The process usually involves:
- Locating a suitable vein on the infant's arm, hand, or head.
- Cleaning the area with an antiseptic.
- Inserting a small needle attached to a syringe or a collection tube.
- Drawing the required amount of blood.
- Removing the needle and applying pressure to stop any bleeding.
Arterial Puncture in Detail
Arterial puncture is less common and is only necessary when arterial blood is specifically needed for testing. This involves:
- Locating a suitable artery (often in the wrist or groin).
- Cleaning the area with antiseptic.
- Inserting a needle into the artery.
- Drawing the required sample.
- Applying pressure to the puncture site after needle removal.
These methods are performed by trained healthcare professionals to minimize pain and stress for the infant while ensuring accurate sample collection.
